:root {
  --paper: #fffefa;
  --paper-soft: #f7f4ed;
  --media: #ffffff;
  --ink: #201e1a;
  --text: #4f4a43;
  --muted: #766f65;
  --line: #d8d1c6;
  --burgundy: #8d2438;
  --burgundy-dark: #6f192a;
  --math: #315f96;
  --instruction: #9b3f50;
  --support: #42634f;
  --warm: #9b7140;
  --serif: Newsreader, Charter, "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Georgia, serif;
  --sans: Inter, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  --mono: "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", monospace;
  --gutter: clamp(22px, 4vw, 64px);
  --reading: 760px;
  --wide: 1160px;
  --section-space: clamp(104px, 11vw, 164px);
}

*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }

html {
  overflow-x: clip;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: 78px;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: clamp(16.5px, 1.2vw, 18px);
  line-height: 1.7;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

main {
  position: relative;
}

img, svg { display: block; max-width: 100%; }

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-underline-offset: 0.18em;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
}

a:hover { color: var(--burgundy); }
button, a { -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; }

:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--warm);
  outline-offset: 4px;
}

h1, h2, h3, p, blockquote, figure { margin-top: 0; }

h1, h2, h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  line-height: 1.02;
}

h1 {
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  font-size: clamp(3.65rem, 6.6vw, 6rem);
  text-wrap: balance;
}

h1 span, h1 em { display: block; }
h1 em { color: var(--burgundy); font-weight: 500; }

.hero-title {
  margin-bottom: clamp(54px, 6vw, 86px);
  font-size: clamp(3.4rem, 6.35vw, 6.65rem);
  line-height: 0.94;
}

.hero-title span,
.hero-title em { display: inline; }

h2 {
  margin-bottom: 26px;
  font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 5vw, 4.8rem);
  text-wrap: balance;
}

h3 {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 2.5vw, 2.45rem);
}

p { color: var(--text); }
sup { font-size: 0.62em; line-height: 0; }

.reading-column, .wide-column {
  width: min(100% - 2 * var(--gutter), var(--reading));
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.wide-column { width: min(100% - 2 * var(--gutter), var(--wide)); }
.section-space { position: relative; padding-block: var(--section-space); }

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 1000;
  top: 12px;
  left: 12px;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  transform: translateY(-160%);
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.skip-link:focus { transform: translateY(0); }

.reading-progress {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 80;
  top: 0;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 2px;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.reading-progress span {
  display: block;
  width: 0;
  height: 100%;
  transform-origin: left;
  background: var(--burgundy);
}

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  z-index: 70;
  top: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--line) 72%, transparent);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 95%, transparent);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
}

.nav-shell {
  display: flex;
  width: min(100% - 2 * var(--gutter), 1240px);
  min-height: 64px;
  margin-inline: auto;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
}

.wordmark {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex: none;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: 0.025em;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.wordmark svg {
  width: 42px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--support);
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-width: 1.5;
}

.wordmark circle { fill: var(--paper); }

.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  padding: 8px 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  font: 650 0.72rem/1 var(--sans);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: clamp(15px, 2vw, 30px);
}

.nav-links a {
  position: relative;
  color: var(--text);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 0.83rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: 0.035em;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nav-links a::after {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: -8px;
  left: 0;
  height: 1px;
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: right;
  background: var(--burgundy);
  content: "";
  transition: transform 180ms ease;
}

.nav-links a:hover::after,
.nav-links a[aria-current="location"]::after {
  transform: scaleX(1);
  transform-origin: left;
}

.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute !important;
  width: 1px !important;
  height: 1px !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  overflow: hidden !important;
  clip: rect(0 0 0 0) !important;
  white-space: nowrap !important;
  border: 0 !important;
}

.paper-fragments {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 8;
  inset: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.paper-fragment {
  --fragment-color: var(--burgundy);
  position: absolute;
  top: var(--fragment-top);
  width: clamp(116px, 10vw, 155px);
  height: var(--fragment-height);
  margin: 0;
  padding: 8px 7px 20px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 0;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 88%, transparent);
  clip-path: polygon(4% 0, 96% 5%, 100% 92%, 84% 100%, 6% 96%, 0 12%);
  color: var(--fragment-color);
  cursor: crosshair;
  pointer-events: auto;
  transition: background 180ms ease, filter 180ms ease, opacity 180ms ease;
}

.paper-fragment--left { left: 0; }
.paper-fragment--right { right: 0; }
.paper-fragment--math { --fragment-color: var(--math); }
.paper-fragment--support { --fragment-color: var(--support); }
.paper-fragment--warm { --fragment-color: var(--warm); }
.paper-fragment--burgundy { --fragment-color: var(--burgundy); }

.paper-fragment p {
  margin: 0;
  color: inherit;
  font: 650 clamp(0.64rem, 0.8vw, 0.76rem)/0.96 var(--mono);
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  transform: rotate(var(--fragment-rotate));
  transform-origin: center;
}

.paper-fragment cite {
  position: absolute;
  right: 7px;
  bottom: 5px;
  left: 7px;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fragment-color) 72%, var(--paper));
  font: 700 0.45rem/1.1 var(--sans);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.paper-fragment::before {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 3;
  top: 50%;
  right: 6px;
  padding: 3px 4px;
  border: 1px solid currentColor;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--fragment-color);
  content: "scatter ↘";
  font: 750 0.44rem/1 var(--sans);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  transition: opacity 160ms ease;
}

.paper-fragment:hover,
.paper-fragment:focus-visible {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fragment-color) 7%, var(--paper));
  filter: contrast(1.04);
}

.paper-fragment:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px dashed var(--fragment-color);
  outline-offset: -3px;
}

.paper-fragment:hover::before,
.paper-fragment:focus-visible::before { opacity: 1; }

.paper-fragment.is-shattered {
  overflow: visible;
  background: transparent;
  clip-path: none;
}

.paper-fragment.is-shattered::before { content: "recompose ↖"; opacity: 0.82; }
.paper-fragment.is-busy { cursor: wait; }
.paper-fragment.is-shattered cite { opacity: 0.22; }

.paper-fragment__char {
  display: inline-block;
  min-width: 0.22em;
  color: inherit;
  transform-origin: 50% 70%;
  will-change: transform, opacity;
}

.fragment-guide {
  max-width: 520px;
  margin: 22px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font: 650 0.66rem/1.5 var(--mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.015em;
}

.fragment-guide span { color: var(--burgundy); font-size: 1rem; }

.chapter-tab {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 3;
  top: clamp(66px, 7vw, 104px);
  left: 0;
  display: grid;
  width: 94px;
  min-height: 84px;
  padding: 15px 25px 14px 14px;
  align-content: center;
  background: var(--burgundy);
  clip-path: polygon(0 0, 72% 0, 100% 50%, 72% 100%, 0 100%);
  color: var(--paper);
  line-height: 1;
}

.chapter-tab span { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.7rem; }
.chapter-tab small { margin-top: 8px; font: 650 0.56rem/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.chapter-tab--hero { top: 84px; }
.chapter-tab--green { background: var(--support); }
.chapter-tab--blue { background: var(--math); }

.margin-note {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  top: clamp(172px, 15vw, 226px);
  left: 23px;
  width: 72px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font: italic 0.66rem/1.48 var(--serif);
  transform: rotate(-1deg);
}

.margin-note::after {
  display: block;
  width: 28px;
  margin-top: 12px;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--burgundy);
  content: "";
}

.margin-note--hero { top: 190px; }
.margin-note--green::after { border-color: var(--support); }
.margin-note--blue::after { border-color: var(--math); }

.hero {
  position: relative;
  padding: clamp(76px, 8vw, 116px) 0 clamp(108px, 11vw, 158px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.hero-layout {
  display: grid;
  margin-bottom: clamp(78px, 9vw, 126px);
  align-items: center;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.05fr) minmax(390px, 0.95fr);
  gap: clamp(52px, 7vw, 100px);
}

.hero-copy { text-align: left; }

.authors {
  max-width: 780px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.04rem, 1.45vw, 1.24rem);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.institution-row {
  display: flex;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 20px;
}

.institution-mark {
  display: block;
  width: clamp(176px, 18vw, 220px);
  color: inherit;
}

.institution-mark:hover { color: inherit; }
.institution-mark img { width: 100%; height: auto; }
.institution-row > span { color: var(--line); }

.affiliations, .publication {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.publication { margin: 12px 0 20px; font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; }

.resource-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin: 0 0 38px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  gap: 8px 25px;
}

.resource-links a {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--burgundy);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.thesis {
  max-width: 650px;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 20px;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--burgundy);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2.35vw, 2rem);
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.34;
}

.support-atlas { width: 100%; margin: 0; }
.support-atlas svg { width: 100%; height: auto; overflow: visible; }
.atlas-grid { fill: none; stroke: #ddd7ce; stroke-width: 0.8; }
.atlas-faint { fill: none; stroke: #c7c1b8; stroke-width: 1.2; stroke-dasharray: 3 4; }
.atlas-gate { fill: var(--paper-soft); stroke: #625b52; stroke-width: 1.2; }
.atlas-gate text { fill: var(--ink); font: italic 58px var(--serif); }
.atlas-active { fill: none; stroke: var(--support); stroke-width: 2.4; }
.atlas-nodes--faint circle { fill: #d5cfc5; }
.atlas-nodes--active circle { fill: #a6b3a8; stroke: var(--support); stroke-width: 1.3; }
.atlas-copy text { fill: var(--muted); font: italic 17px var(--serif); }
.atlas-bracket { fill: none; stroke: var(--warm); stroke-width: 1.3; }
.support-atlas figcaption { max-width: 460px; margin: 8px 0 0 auto; text-align: right; }
.js .support-atlas .atlas-active path {
  stroke-dasharray: 360;
  stroke-dashoffset: 360;
  transition: stroke-dashoffset 1.15s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.7, 0.2, 1);
}
.js .support-atlas.is-active .atlas-active path { stroke-dashoffset: 0; }

.hero-figure { margin-bottom: 0; }

.figure-kicker {
  display: flex;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  color: var(--muted);
  font: 650 0.62rem/1 var(--sans);
  letter-spacing: 0.095em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.figure-kicker span:first-child { color: var(--burgundy); }

.figure-link {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  padding: clamp(8px, 1vw, 14px);
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #cfc8be;
  background: var(--media);
  color: var(--ink);
  box-shadow: 0 7px 22px rgba(56, 45, 35, 0.045);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.figure-link::before {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 1;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 32px;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--burgundy);
  content: "";
}

.figure-link img { width: 100%; height: auto; background: var(--media); }

.zoom-hint {
  position: absolute;
  right: 12px;
  bottom: 12px;
  padding: 5px 9px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 96%, transparent);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 0.67rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(4px);
  transition: opacity 160ms ease, transform 160ms ease;
}

.figure-link:hover .zoom-hint,
.figure-link:focus-visible .zoom-hint { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }

figcaption {
  max-width: 920px;
  margin: 13px auto 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

figcaption strong { color: var(--text); }

.concept { position: relative; }

.lead {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.2vw, 1.9rem);
  line-height: 1.46;
}

.concept-comparison {
  display: grid;
  margin-top: clamp(52px, 7vw, 88px);
  align-items: center;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 180px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(22px, 4vw, 52px);
}

.concept-comparison article { padding-top: 24px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.concept-comparison article:last-child { border-top-color: var(--burgundy); }
.concept-comparison h3 { font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3vw, 2.65rem); }

.concept-number, .finding-index {
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  color: var(--burgundy);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.route-mark {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--warm);
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-width: 1.7;
  transform: rotate(-2deg);
  opacity: 0.7;
}

.concept-art-row {
  display: grid;
  margin-top: clamp(70px, 9vw, 116px);
  align-items: center;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(230px, 0.55fr) minmax(0, 1.45fr);
  gap: clamp(48px, 8vw, 112px);
}

.pull-quote {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: clamp(24px, 5vw, 52px);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--support);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3.2vw, 2.85rem);
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.32;
}

.metrics-band {
  padding-block: clamp(76px, 9vw, 114px);
  border-block: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--paper-soft);
}

.metrics-layout {
  display: grid;
  align-items: start;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.8fr) minmax(0, 1.2fr);
  gap: clamp(52px, 8vw, 110px);
}

.metrics-layout h2 { font-size: clamp(2.15rem, 4vw, 3.85rem); }
.metric-definitions { display: grid; margin: 0; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 36px 40px; }
.metric-definitions div { padding-top: 16px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.metric-definitions dt { color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.12rem; font-weight: 700; }
.metric-definitions dd { margin: 7px 0 0; color: var(--text); font-size: 0.86rem; line-height: 1.58; }

.section-intro { margin-bottom: clamp(64px, 9vw, 112px); }

.intro-grid {
  display: grid;
  margin-bottom: clamp(74px, 9vw, 116px);
  align-items: center;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(230px, 320px);
  gap: clamp(52px, 8vw, 118px);
}

.intro-grid--reverse { grid-template-columns: minmax(230px, 320px) minmax(0, 1fr); }
.intro-grid .section-intro { width: auto; margin: 0; }

.editorial-art { width: min(100%, 320px); margin: 0; transform: rotate(-0.6deg); }
.editorial-art img { width: 100%; height: auto; border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--line) 62%, transparent); background: var(--paper); }
.editorial-art figcaption { max-width: 32rem; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 0.69rem; line-height: 1.52; }
.editorial-art figcaption strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 650; }

.caveat {
  padding-left: 18px;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--warm);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  line-height: 1.62;
}

.study-path {
  display: grid;
  margin-bottom: clamp(100px, 13vw, 160px);
  align-items: center;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(180px, 1fr) 110px minmax(190px, 1fr) minmax(190px, 1fr);
  gap: 18px;
}

.study-path > div {
  min-height: 142px;
  padding: 24px 26px;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--support);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.study-path > div span { display: block; margin-bottom: 16px; color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.5rem; }
.study-path > div small { color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.74rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.study-path > svg { fill: none; stroke: var(--warm); stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; stroke-width: 1.6; }
.study-path .math-path { border-top-color: var(--math); }
.study-path .if-path { border-top-color: var(--instruction); }

.evidence-block + .evidence-block { margin-top: var(--section-space); }
.evidence-copy { max-width: 860px; margin-bottom: 50px; }
.evidence-copy h3 { font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 4.8vw, 4.55rem); }

.split-copy {
  display: grid;
  max-width: none;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.9fr) minmax(0, 1.1fr);
  gap: clamp(42px, 8vw, 116px);
}

.result-ledger {
  display: grid;
  max-width: 930px;
  margin: 0 auto 68px;
  align-items: end;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(180px, 1fr) minmax(180px, 0.8fr) minmax(180px, 1fr);
  gap: 30px;
}

.result-ledger > div:not(.budget-ruler) { padding-top: 15px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.result-ledger small { display: block; color: var(--muted); font: 700 0.7rem/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.result-ledger strong { display: block; margin: 10px 0 4px; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: clamp(3.2rem, 6vw, 5.5rem); font-weight: 500; line-height: 0.95; }
.result-ledger span { color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 0.8rem; font-style: italic; }

.budget-ruler { display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto; align-items: center; gap: 8px; }
.budget-ruler i { position: relative; display: block; border-top: 1px solid var(--warm); }
.budget-ruler i::before, .budget-ruler i::after { position: absolute; top: -5px; height: 9px; border-left: 1px solid var(--warm); content: ""; }
.budget-ruler i::before { left: 0; }
.budget-ruler i::after { right: 0; }
.budget-ruler span { white-space: nowrap; font: 0.61rem/1 var(--mono); }

.scientific-figure { margin-bottom: 0; }

.table-wrap {
  max-width: 980px;
  margin: 52px auto 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
  overscroll-behavior-inline: contain;
}

table { width: 100%; min-width: 700px; border-collapse: collapse; color: var(--ink); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
caption { padding: 0 0 14px; color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 0.78rem; text-align: left; }
th, td { padding: 14px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); font-size: 0.82rem; text-align: left; }
thead th { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); border-bottom-color: var(--ink); color: var(--burgundy-dark); font-size: 0.69rem; letter-spacing: 0.05em; text-transform: uppercase; }
tbody th { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 650; }
.positive { color: var(--math); font-weight: 700; }
.negative { color: var(--support); font-weight: 700; }

.mechanism-section {
  border-block: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--paper-soft);
}

.mechanism-grid {
  display: grid;
  margin-bottom: clamp(58px, 7vw, 88px);
  align-items: center;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.78fr) minmax(0, 1.22fr);
  gap: clamp(48px, 8vw, 116px);
}

.compact-figure .figure-link { padding: 18px; }

.evidence-bridge {
  display: grid;
  margin-bottom: clamp(72px, 8vw, 110px);
  align-items: center;
  grid-template-columns: auto auto minmax(160px, 1fr) auto auto;
  gap: 18px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font: italic 0.76rem/1 var(--serif);
}

.evidence-bridge strong { color: var(--burgundy); font-weight: 600; }
.evidence-bridge strong:nth-of-type(2) { color: var(--support); }
.evidence-bridge svg { width: 100%; fill: none; stroke: var(--muted); stroke-width: 1; stroke-dasharray: 7 7; }
.evidence-bridge circle { fill: var(--paper-soft); }

.intervention { padding-top: clamp(64px, 8vw, 100px); border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.intervention-copy { max-width: 820px; margin: 0 auto 64px; }

.paired-figures {
  display: grid;
  align-items: start;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(22px, 4vw, 46px);
}

.preservation-list {
  display: grid;
  margin-bottom: clamp(82px, 10vw, 128px);
  gap: 12px;
}

.preservation-list article {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  padding: 22px 34px 22px 52px;
  border-block: 1px solid #ded8cf;
  align-items: center;
  grid-template-columns: 44px minmax(190px, 0.55fr) minmax(0, 1.45fr);
  gap: 22px;
  background: #fffdf8;
  clip-path: polygon(0.4% 3%, 4% 0, 8% 2%, 13% 0, 18% 2%, 24% 0, 31% 2%, 39% 0, 46% 2%, 54% 0, 62% 2%, 70% 0, 78% 2%, 86% 0, 93% 2%, 99.6% 0, 100% 96%, 95% 100%, 88% 98%, 80% 100%, 71% 98%, 63% 100%, 55% 98%, 47% 100%, 38% 98%, 30% 100%, 21% 98%, 14% 100%, 6% 98%, 0 100%);
}

.preservation-list article::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 13px;
  width: 25px;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--support);
  content: "";
}

.preservation-list article::after {
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(50% - 4px);
  left: 10px;
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--support);
  content: "";
}

.preservation-list span { color: var(--support); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.05rem; }
.preservation-list h3 { margin: 0; font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2vw, 1.85rem); }
.preservation-list p { margin: 0; font-size: 0.84rem; line-height: 1.65; }

.preservation-media { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: clamp(28px, 5vw, 58px); align-items: start; }

.joint-section { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.joint-table { max-width: var(--wide); }
.joint-table table { min-width: 720px; }
.joint-table tbody tr:nth-child(3n + 1) th,
.joint-table tbody tr:nth-child(3n + 1) td { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.table-note { margin-top: 32px; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.2rem; }

.implication { background: var(--support); color: #fffdf8; }
.implication h2, .implication p { color: #fffdf8; }

.paper-section { position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }

.paper-layout {
  display: grid;
  align-items: start;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.75fr) minmax(0, 1.25fr);
  gap: clamp(52px, 8vw, 112px);
}

.paper-layout > *, .scope-layout > *, .mechanism-grid > *, .paired-figures > *, .preservation-media > * { min-width: 0; }
.paper-layout h2 { font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 4vw, 3.8rem); }
.paper-layout .resource-links { justify-content: flex-start; margin: 30px 0; }
.correspondence { font-size: 0.82rem; }

.citation-heading { display: flex; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 18px; }
.citation-heading h3 { margin: 0; }

.copy-button, .dialog-bar button {
  padding: 9px 13px;
  border: 1px solid var(--burgundy);
  border-radius: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--burgundy);
  font: 650 0.7rem/1 var(--sans);
  cursor: pointer;
}

.copy-button:hover, .dialog-bar button:hover { background: var(--burgundy); color: var(--paper); }

pre {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 24px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--burgundy);
  background: var(--media);
  color: #2b2926;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  line-height: 1.58;
  tab-size: 2;
}

.copy-status { min-height: 1.5em; margin: 8px 0 0; color: var(--support); font-size: 0.75rem; }
.paper-layout #citation > p:last-child { font-size: 0.78rem; }

.scope-section { padding-block: clamp(82px, 10vw, 124px); background: var(--paper-soft); }
.scope-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.72fr) minmax(0, 1.28fr); gap: clamp(42px, 8vw, 116px); }
.scope-layout h2 { font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 4vw, 3.7rem); }
.scope-columns { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 40px; }
.scope-columns h3 { font-size: 1.35rem; }
.scope-columns ul { margin: 0; padding-left: 1.1em; color: var(--text); font-size: 0.82rem; }
.scope-columns li + li { margin-top: 9px; }
.scope-links { grid-column: 1 / -1; margin: 12px 0 0; justify-content: flex-start; }

.site-footer { padding-block: 48px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--paper); }
.footer-layout { display: grid; align-items: end; grid-template-columns: 1.3fr 0.5fr 1fr; gap: 34px; }
.footer-layout p { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.7rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.footer-layout strong { color: var(--burgundy); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 0.88rem; font-weight: 650; }
.license-note { text-align: right; }

.figure-dialog {
  width: min(96vw, 1500px);
  max-width: none;
  height: min(94vh, 1050px);
  max-height: none;
  padding: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--media);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.figure-dialog::backdrop { background: rgba(23, 21, 18, 0.74); backdrop-filter: blur(4px); }

.dialog-bar {
  position: sticky;
  z-index: 2;
  top: 0;
  display: flex;
  min-height: 58px;
  padding: 10px 14px 10px 20px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  background: var(--paper-soft);
}

.dialog-bar p { margin: 0; color: var(--text); font-size: 0.78rem; line-height: 1.4; }
.dialog-media { display: grid; min-height: calc(100% - 58px); padding: clamp(10px, 2vw, 28px); place-items: center; overflow: auto; }
.dialog-media img { width: auto; max-width: none; min-width: min(100%, 1100px); height: auto; background: var(--media); }

[data-reveal] { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(18px); transition: opacity 520ms ease, transform 520ms ease; }
[data-reveal].is-visible { opacity: 1; transform: none; }

@media (max-width: 1280px) {
  .margin-note { display: none; }
  .paper-fragment { width: 92px; opacity: 0.78; }
  .paper-fragment p { font-size: 0.55rem; }
  .paper-fragment--left { left: 0; }
  .paper-fragment--right { right: 0; }
  .chapter-tab, .chapter-tab--hero {
    position: relative;
    top: auto;
    left: auto;
    width: 88px;
    min-height: 72px;
    margin: 0 0 46px var(--gutter);
    padding-block: 12px;
  }
  .hero .chapter-tab { margin-bottom: 22px; }
}

@media (max-width: 1020px) {
  .paper-fragments, .fragment-guide { display: none; }
  .hero-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .hero-copy { max-width: 820px; }
  .support-atlas { width: min(100%, 700px); margin-inline: auto; }
  .concept-comparison { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .concept-art-row { grid-template-columns: minmax(210px, 0.58fr) minmax(0, 1.42fr); gap: 48px; }
  .route-mark { width: 160px; margin-inline: auto; transform: rotate(88deg); }
  .metrics-layout, .mechanism-grid, .paper-layout, .scope-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .intro-grid, .intro-grid--reverse { grid-template-columns: minmax(200px, 280px) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 48px; }
  .intro-grid--reverse .editorial-art { grid-column: 1; }
  .intro-grid--reverse .section-intro { grid-column: 2; }
  .study-path { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .study-path > svg { display: none; }
  .study-path > div:first-child { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
  .split-copy { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 12px; }
  .result-ledger { grid-template-columns: 1fr 0.8fr 1fr; }
  .evidence-bridge { grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto; }
  .evidence-bridge > span { display: none; }
  .scope-links { grid-column: auto; }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  html { scroll-padding-top: 66px; }
  body { line-height: 1.66; }
  .nav-shell { min-height: 60px; flex-wrap: wrap; padding-block: 12px; }
  .wordmark { font-size: 0.87rem; }
  .nav-links { width: 100%; padding: 10px 0 3px; justify-content: flex-start; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px 20px; }
  .js .nav-toggle { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; cursor: pointer; }
  .js .nav-links { display: none; }
  .js .nav-links.is-open { display: flex; }
  .nav-links a { font-size: 0.78rem; }
  .hero { padding-top: 28px; }
  .hero-layout { gap: 52px; margin-bottom: 74px; }
  .hero-title {
    margin-bottom: 46px;
    font-size: clamp(2.65rem, 11.5vw, 4.8rem);
    line-height: 0.98;
  }
  .authors { font-size: 1rem; }
  .institution-row { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }
  .institution-row > span { display: none; }
  .institution-mark { width: 195px; }
  .resource-links { gap: 8px 18px; }
  .thesis { padding-left: 16px; }
  .support-atlas figcaption { text-align: left; }
  .concept-art-row, .intro-grid, .intro-grid--reverse { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 38px; }
  .concept-art-row .editorial-art { order: 2; }
  .intro-grid--reverse .section-intro { grid-column: auto; grid-row: 1; }
  .intro-grid--reverse .editorial-art { grid-column: auto; grid-row: 2; }
  .editorial-art { width: min(78vw, 286px); margin-inline: auto; }
  .pull-quote { padding-left: 24px; }
  .zoom-hint { display: none; }
  .metric-definitions { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .study-path { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .study-path > div:first-child { grid-column: auto; }
  .result-ledger { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .budget-ruler { grid-column: 1 / -1; grid-row: 2; }
  .paired-figures, .preservation-media { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .evidence-bridge { grid-template-columns: 1fr; text-align: center; }
  .evidence-bridge svg { max-width: 280px; margin-inline: auto; }
  .preservation-list article { display: block; padding: 28px 26px 28px 46px; }
  .preservation-list h3 { margin: 10px 0 8px; }
  .scope-columns { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .license-note { text-align: left; }
  .citation-heading { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; }
  .dialog-bar { align-items: flex-start; }
  .dialog-bar p { max-width: 75%; }
  .dialog-media img { min-width: 920px; }
}

@media (max-width: 430px) {
  :root { --gutter: 18px; }
  .chapter-tab, .chapter-tab--hero { margin-left: var(--gutter); }
  .hero-title { font-size: 2.45rem; }
  h2 { font-size: 2.65rem; }
  .publication { margin-bottom: 18px; }
  .resource-links { margin-bottom: 34px; }
  .figure-link { padding: 5px; }
  .result-ledger strong { font-size: 3.15rem; }
  th, td { padding: 12px 13px; }
  pre { padding: 18px; font-size: 0.66rem; }
}

@media print {
  .site-header, .skip-link, .reading-progress, .paper-fragments, .fragment-guide, .chapter-tab, .margin-note, .zoom-hint, .copy-button, .figure-dialog { display: none !important; }
  body { background: #fff; color: #000; font-size: 11pt; }
  .section-space { padding-block: 42px; }
  .implication { background: #fff; border-block: 2px solid #000; }
  .implication h2, .implication p { color: #000 !important; }
  .figure-link { border-color: #bbb; box-shadow: none; }
  a { color: #000; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { scroll-behavior: auto !important; transition-duration: 0.01ms !important; animation-duration: 0.01ms !important; animation-iteration-count: 1 !important; }
  [data-reveal] { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
  .paper-fragment.is-shattered p { opacity: 0.24; }
}